在京務工的低收入員工,將有維(wei)權漲薪的機會。
記者獲悉(xi),北京市(shi)總(zong)工(gong)會近(jin)期出(chu)臺《關于(yu)(yu)進(jin)一步(bu)加快推進(jin)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)集(ji)體協商通(tong)知》,提出(chu)今(jin)后職(zhi)工(gong)月工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)低于(yu)(yu)1100元(yuan)的(de)企業,將逐一開展工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)集(ji)體協商,力(li)爭在年內(nei)全部建立工(gong)資(zi)(zi)(zi)集(ji)體協商機制(zhi)。
北京市總工(gong)會人士透露,這樣做并不意味著(zhu)薪(xin)水(shui)低(di)的企業馬上就能維權漲薪(xin),因為很(hen)多企業并沒有工(gong)會,“工(gong)會主要(yao)是促進(jin)勞資雙(shuang)方協商談判(pan),工(gong)會并不直接參(can)與要(yao)求漲薪(xin)水(shui)。”這位人士說。
據(ju)悉(xi),目前北京最低工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資標準已經調整到每月960元。但是(shi)在(zai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)會(hui)二季度職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)隊伍狀況分析會(hui)上,有(you)職工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)反映(ying)月收入低于800元。部分企(qi)業將最低工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資直接作為員工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)的基本工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資,被稱為“地(di)板工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)資”。
人(ren)力資源和(he)社(she)會保(bao)障(zhang)部(bu)(bu)(bu)勞動工(gong)(gong)資研究所研究員(yuan)狄煌指出(chu),對解決普通員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資低(di)、增長慢的(de)問題,除了推行集體協商外(wai),還有(you)一個辦法:對于利(li)潤微薄的(de)一些小企業,國家可以降(jiang)低(di)稅(shui)收,但是降(jiang)低(di)稅(shui)收的(de)部(bu)(bu)(bu)分,應該全(quan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)或將其(qi)中絕大部(bu)(bu)(bu)分用于給員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)增加工(gong)(gong)資。
“所(suo)以(yi)減稅不僅是單純降低企業負(fu)擔,還要促(cu)進員(yuan)工(gong)工(gong)資收入提高。這(zhe)個(ge)方法應在(zai)‘十二五(wu)’規劃中(zhong)加以(yi)謀(mou)劃并適時推(tui)行。” 狄(di)煌說。
集體協商是建立機制
記者獲悉(xi),盡管960元(yuan)是北京最低的月工資標準,但有不少行(xing)業、不少企業將此作為基本工資。
根(gen)據北京市市總工(gong)(gong)會(hui)二季度職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)隊伍狀況分(fen)析,10%的(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)群(qun)體月(yue)收(shou)入(ru)低于(yu)1100元(yuan),60%的(de)職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)群(qun)體月(yue)收(shou)入(ru)在2000元(yuan)左右(you),職(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)工(gong)(gong)收(shou)入(ru)分(fen)配(pei)問題亟待解決。 “勞動關系矛盾呈現利(li)益化(hua)、顯性(xing)化(hua)、尖銳化(hua)的(de)趨(qu)勢。”
記者獲悉,職工月收入低的行(xing)業,主要集中(zhong)在各區縣(xian)的非公中(zhong)小(xiao)型(xing)企業,涉(she)及服(fu)裝加工、加工制作、餐飲、建筑、保安、商業零售、租賃服(fu)務等行(xing)業。
而這(zhe)些行(xing)業(ye)(ye)的(de)相關企業(ye)(ye),并不是工(gong)(gong)會都(dou)能參與干預。北京市總(zong)工(gong)(gong)會宣傳部的(de)人士指出,首先要企業(ye)(ye)先建(jian)立(li)了工(gong)(gong)會,然(ran)后才能推動集體協(xie)商,這(zhe)樣做的(de)目的(de)是建(jian)立(li)一個(ge)機制,而不是馬上解決低工(gong)(gong)資(zi)的(de)問題。
北京市總(zong)工(gong)會要(yao)求繼續做好職工(gong)收入狀況(kuang)的排查摸底工(gong)作(zuo),包括沒有(you)建立工(gong)會組織的企業,重(zhong)點(dian)排查新頒(ban)布的最低工(gong)資標準落實情況(kuang),依法(fa)糾正惡意欠(qian)薪、逃避繳(jiao)納(na)社會保險、不足額支付加(jia)班(ban)費等行為。
該總(zong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)會提出,對職工(gong)(gong)(gong)月收入低于(yu)1100元(yuan)的企業,年內(nei)力爭全部建立工(gong)(gong)(gong)資(zi)集體(ti)協商(shang)(shang)機(ji)制。要確保今年完成各產業工(gong)(gong)(gong)會開展1-2個行(xing)(xing)業協商(shang)(shang)、各區(qu)縣工(gong)(gong)(gong)會開展3-5個區(qu)域(yu)行(xing)(xing)業協商(shang)(shang)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)目標(biao)。
今年5月北京市已經(jing)有55家工(gong)資協商試點單(dan)(dan)位,其中西(xi)城區德勝(sheng)街(jie)道等工(gong)資協商重點單(dan)(dan)位目前已經(jing)簽訂區域、行業(ye)工(gong)資集體協商協議。
不(bu)過推行工(gong)資協商(shang)制度,暫時改(gai)變不(bu)了一些采取(qu)小(xiao)時工(gong)來減輕用工(gong)成本(ben)的(de)企業(ye)(ye)行為。比如不(bu)少(shao)外資餐飲(yin)企業(ye)(ye),大量招(zhao)聘(pin)小(xiao)時工(gong),不(bu)給員工(gong)上保(bao)險和(he)支付(fu)月度工(gong)資。
法制與市場力量
人力(li)資(zi)(zi)源和(he)社會保障(zhang)部勞(lao)動工(gong)資(zi)(zi)研究所研究員(yuan)(yuan)狄煌指出,要(yao)提高“地板工(gong)資(zi)(zi)”行業(ye)企業(ye)員(yuan)(yuan)工(gong)的(de)(de)工(gong)資(zi)(zi)正常增長(chang)問題,在(zai)推動勞(lao)資(zi)(zi)雙方開展工(gong)資(zi)(zi)協商的(de)(de)的(de)(de)基礎上,今后(hou)應加強(qiang)集體(ti)協商的(de)(de)法制建設,使集體(ti)協商的(de)(de)權(quan)利和(he)義務關(guan)系對(dui)等(deng)起來。
此外也(ye)有另外的辦(ban)法:對于利潤微薄(bo)的一些小企業(ye),國家可以降低稅收。“但是降低的部(bu)(bu)分,應該(gai)全部(bu)(bu)或(huo)將(jiang)其中絕大部(bu)(bu)分用于給員工(gong)增(zeng)加工(gong)資。” 狄(di)煌指出,這個方(fang)法應在(zai)“十二五”規劃(hua)中加以謀劃(hua)并適時推行。
記(ji)者獲悉(xi),目(mu)前一些工資低的行(xing)業(ye)(ye),并非行(xing)業(ye)(ye)利潤率低,比如(ru),餐飲(yin)業(ye)(ye)的一般(ban)員工工資較(jiao)低,但全國經濟普查結果顯示,餐飲(yin)業(ye)(ye)總資產利潤率高達(da)50%以(yi)上。
狄(di)煌(huang)指(zhi)出,這說明餐飲行(xing)業是(shi)(shi)很賺錢(qian)的(de)(de),但(dan)是(shi)(shi)賺到錢(qian)的(de)(de)只是(shi)(shi)老板。導致員工工資底的(de)(de)原因,主要是(shi)(shi)工作技術含量(liang)低(di)、員工流動性(xing)大,特別(bie)是(shi)(shi)這類(lei)勞動力資源長期供大于求(qiu)。
這只能求助與(yu)市場的力量。
武漢(han)勞動力市(shi)場高級職(zhi)業指(zhi)導師李(li)永洪指(zhi)出,武漢(han)近2年的餐飲行業工(gong)(gong)資上(shang)升(sheng)比(bi)較(jiao)快,平均增速達到15-16%。原因是前幾(ji)年該行業工(gong)(gong)資低,員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)流失大(da)、跳槽多(duo),最(zui)后企業不(bu)(bu)得不(bu)(bu)給員(yuan)工(gong)(gong)上(shang)漲工(gong)(gong)資。
目前(qian)武(wu)漢用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)缺口有4萬多人(ren)(ren),大(da)(da)部分(fen)是技術工(gong)(gong)。與沿海(hai)企業相比,武(wu)漢用(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)資、環境待(dai)(dai)遇(yu)都(dou)頗為不足。為此武(wu)漢勞動(dong)部門多次召(zhao)開(kai)座談(tan)會,要(yao)求(qiu)企業改善待(dai)(dai)遇(yu),降低(di)用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)門檻(jian),完善用(yong)(yong)人(ren)(ren)結(jie)構(gou),提高(gao)職工(gong)(gong)福利,目前(qian)已(yi)經(jing)取(qu)得較大(da)(da)的成效。
比(bi)如武漢專門為職工(gong)建立宿舍提供吃住條件的企業比(bi)例,從過去(qu)的13%,達到目前的40%。